The idea of outdoor tile
Stone, likewise, seems a possible option if used just around the edges where there is no concrete existing. The big concerns with stone are a.) the expense, and b.) the weight. Slabs of flat stone weigh enough that extra manpower would be required. The nature of this particular small patio project is that it remain a one person job.
The most rational option looks like it may be using concrete stamps to create interesting patterns in freshly mixed and poured concrete. With proper preparation, a thin layer of cement could be laid down over the top of the rough stuff in place now. That would eliminate the need to break out several yards worth of cement and haul it off to be discarded. The remaining enclosed area should only be one to two feet wide around two sides of the patio. After weed removal, shovel digging and a base layer of gravel, a layer of thicker concrete would go down in those areas, too. Properly executed, the top layer of concrete could be blended for one smooth surface. Then concrete stamps
[Photo: Peter Hellebrand, sxc.hu]